Essay on What is Art - 4193 Words

Intro In late Antiquity the arts consisted of the seven artes liberales, the liberal arts: Grammar, Logic, Rhetoric, Geometry, Arithmetic, Astronomy, and Music. Philosophy was the mother of them all. On a lower level stood the technical arts like architecture, agriculture, painting, sculpture and other crafts. quot;Artquot; as we concieve of it today was a mere craft. Art in the Middle Ages was quot;the ape of naturequot;. And what is art today? Can we give a definition? Sir Roger Penrose, one of the foremost scientists of our time, when faced with a similar problem with regard to the definition of quite something else, viz., consciousness, states in his The Emperors New Mind: quot;I do not think that it is wise, at this stage†¦show more content†¦None of them are artists, though they all fall short of being so to varying degrees, but they are all painters. And then there are painters who are artists. Where does the difference lie, and why? What does the one lot do which the other lot doesnt? When is painting an art, and why?quot;[3] The criterion of art What makes a painting a work of art? According to the Institutional Theory of Art, quot;Painters make paintings, but it takes a representative of the art-world to make a work of art.quot;[4] So, What is art? is not a question to be answered by the lay-man. We need Priests to tell us what the Truth is, i.e., to decide wether a painting is a work of art or not. Besides the quot;externalistquot; Institutional Theory of Art answer Wollheim gives two internalist answers: quot;The criterion of art lies in some directly perceptible property that the painting has.quot; and The act of painting has to be an intentional one, i.e., the painter has to have the intention of making art. The act of painting has to be undertaken in a special way in order to be art.[5] The origins of art In a book with a totally different subject, The Prehistory of the Mind, Steve Mithen defines art as artefacts or images with symbolic meanings as a means of communication. Art, in Mithens theory, is a product of the cognitive fluidity in the quot;Modernquot; (i.e., Homo sapiens sapiens) Human Mind. The three cognitive processes critical to making art wereShow MoreRelatedLeo Tolstoy s What Is Art?992 Words   |  4 PagesLeo Tolstoy’s What is Art? (1896) is a written work about his ideas concerning the nature of art. Tolstoy’s book concerns how art can express ideas of how to act right and what it’s purpose is. According to Tolstoy art is the intentional communication of an emotion from the artist to the audience where the hope is that the audience feels the emotion felt by the artist. This definition of art varies from other philosophies. Tolstoy believes that this type of communication is inevitable, that it isRead MoreAnalysis Of The Other Hand 1418 Words   |  6 Pagesbeauty we perceive through art can change or support a pre-conceived idea. On the other hand, Elaine Scarry’s view resides in the fact that our view of beauty promotes the spirit of justice. Art is not so much the focus, rather beauty is the driving force of these two essays. There is an educational aspect to beauty that implies improvement within an individual or society and is promoted through both essays. Leo Tolstoy’s â€Å"What is Art† rejects any definition of art based on the conceptionRead MoreMy Own Definition Of Art1124 Words   |  5 Pagesnumerous forms of art over many decades and continue to analyze what art is and how the aesthetics of it affect viewers. Audiences have gathered to â€Å"ooh† and â€Å"ahh† at art galleries, musicals, play and ballet performances, and concerts. In fact people even travel long distances to view world-renowned tourist sites, such as the Sistine Chapel. There are billions of creations and events that are considered art whether that art is valued by a large audience or the artist alone. Either way, art has become aRead MoreThe majority of modern pornography is not art, and by using a selective definition of Leo Tolstoy’s1800 Words   |  8 Pagesmodern pornography is not art, and by using a selective definition of Leo Tolstoy’s version of art, and John Dewey’s theory of art as experience, we can determine that pornography is nothing more than shallow entertainment that exacerbates social inequalities of society’s gender roles. Despite this, pornography has the potential to become art, and should therefore not be censored. It is important to define pornography, as well as Tolstoy and Dewey’s definitions of art, in order to set the groundworkRead MoreWhat Is Art? Art996 Words   |  4 Pages What is art? Art is a difficult word to describe, because it means something a tad bit different to everyone you encounter. The official definition of art according to the Oxford Dictionary is â€Å"the expression or application of human creative skill and imagination, typically in a visual form such as painting or sculpture, producing works to be appreciated primarily for their beauty or emotional power.† The only problem with this definition is that it is very open ended, creativity and imaginationRead MoreWhat is Art?1478 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is art? How can one define simply, a subject so broad, so complex, and as subjective as artistic expression? Leo Tolstoy postulates, â€Å"Art is architecture, sculpture, painting, music, poetry in all its forms†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Tolstoy 15) I believe th at although Tolstoy, may never have imagined it in his original definition, video games may certainly fit as a viable mode of artistic expression; I believe videogames are art. According to Tolstoy, architecture is a perfectly respectable medium for artisticRead MoreWhat Makes Art Art Essay596 Words   |  3 Pages  Ã‚  Art 1030: Art Appreciation Instructor: Steve Bishop Essay One Josalyn Cook 1/26/2011 What Makes Art Art? Art is an object or piece of work that brings one pleasure. Art is also something you see or feel and you cannot even begin to describe the ways you like it or how it makes you feel. Art is something that portrays beauty and happiness. Art lets you see the world through another person’s perspective. Most art seems to tell a story about where a person has been and theRead MoreWhat Is Art? Essay1198 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the art community, there are many different forms and techniques classed as art. In the recent attack on the Queensland Art Gallery (QAG), many of the public hastily judged the abstract art exhibition by stating ‘Abstract art is not really art’. Some of the reluctant public continue to say ‘Abstract painters are sloppy, reckless, renegades with no regard for rules for formalities.’ It is in my opinion that abstract art is can be classed as art because it incorporates the basic conceptsRead MoreWhat is Art Integrating?984 Wo rds   |  4 PagesWhat is Art Integration? First, let us begin by defining what exactly art integration is. According to the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, art integration can be defined as â€Å"an approach to teaching in which students construct and demonstrate understanding through an art form. Students engage in a creative process which connects an art form and another subject area and meets evolving objectives in both† (Silverstein Layne, 2010). With this definition, we know that art integrationRead MoreWhat Is The Art Of Rhetoric?817 Words   |  4 PagesCarpenter What is the Art of Rhetoric? The art of rhetoric is the process used to persuade an audience to the speaker’s point of view. The Art of Rhetoric is found in many places: magazine, advertisements, documentaries, politicians’ speeches, comercials, and whenever a teanager is trying to get out of trouble. The art of Rhetoric is made up of Ethos, Pathos, and Logos. First, Ethos is the credibility of the speaker. The audience needs to know why they should trust what the speaker is saying.

Elizabethan Vs. Jacobean Periods - 2415 Words

The Elizabethan and Jacobean periods characterized the architecture of English developments in large country houses. Antique styles of earlier times changed by the architecture of Elizabethan bringing the beauty of Renaissance expose. Even nowadays, there are everywhere examples of the Elizabethan architecture, places like country houses, as a proof of the good work of builders and architects. The houses were built to resist difficulties through the years. At the present time, the choice of living counts on the income and the social class with which is identified, just like at the past. This means that they were various kind of homes. Countryside began to rectify. Small farm houses turned to great houses with promoted gothic styles and Renaissance detail. The architectural style of Elizabethan affected England from the late 1500 s until 1600 s. The earliest characteristic was that churches construction stopped and the building of houses started. To express their wealth, the houses were built by strong statesmen, successful merchants and the enriched nobility. As Elizabethan royalty increase, their homes also became bigger and better, with gorgeous stone foundations with various levels and a lot of rooms. The houses were looked and appreciated as symbols of social class and personal status. Elizabethan visual expression of order and harmony, is the most unique characteristic in these great dwellings, by the use of classical symmetry. Symmetrical plans were popular. InShow MoreRelatedShakespeare s Macbeth - Macbeth2496 Words   |  10 Pages Christopher Goncalves Sr. Marlene Mucha, S. J. J. British Literature February 10, 2016 Macbeth Fact or Fiction Thesis: In the play Macbeth, Shakespeare did not ?accurately portray Macbeth according to the historical background in the age of Jacobean times. I. Shakespeare A. Background II. Text of Macbeth III. Historical Inaccuracies A. Macbeth B. Lady Macbeth C. Malcom D. Banquo

Major Schools of Thought in Psychology - 829 Words

Schools of Thought Throughout psychology s history, a number of different schools of thought have been formed to explain human thought and behaviour. These schools of thought often rise to dominance for a period of time. While these schools of thought are sometimes perceived as competing forces, each perspective has contributed to our understanding of psychology. The following are some of the major schools of thought in psychology. †¢ Structuralism †¢ Functionalism †¢ Psychoanalysis †¢ Behaviourism †¢ Humanism †¢ Cognitivism Major Schools of Thought in Psychology When psychology was first established as a science separate from biology and philosophy, the debate over how to describe and explain the human mind and behaviour began. The†¦show more content†¦Behaviourism Behaviourism became a dominant school of thought during the 1950s. It was based upon the work of thinkers such as: John B. Watson Ivan Pavlov B. F. Skinner Behaviourism suggests that all behaviour can be explained by environmental causes rather than by internal forces. Behaviourism is focused on observable behaviour. Theories of learning including classical conditioning and operant conditioning were the focus of a great deal of research. Psychoanalysis Psychoanalysis is a school of psychology founded by Sigmund Freud. This school of thought emphasizes the influence of the unconscious mind on behaviour. Freud believed that the human mind was composed of three elements: the id, the ego and the superego. The id is composed of primal urges, while the ego is the component of personality charged with dealing with reality. The superego is the part of personality that holds all of the ideals and values we internalize from our parents and culture. Freud believed that the interaction of these three elements was what led to all of the complex human behaviours. Freud s school of thought was enormously influential, but also generated a great deal of controversy. This controversy existed not only in his time, but also in modern discussions of Freud s theories. Other major psychoanalytic thinkers include: ï‚ § Anna Freud ï‚ § Carl Jung ï‚ § ErikShow MoreRelatedMajor Schools of Thought in Psychology2010 Words   |  9 PagesMajor Schools of Thought in Psychology Major Schools of Thought in Psychology Desirae Carrion Kaplan University Abstract Several researchers contributed to the development of psychology as a separate field of study. Their work, along with Wundt s work, made Germany the undisputed center of the movement (Schultz, Schultz, 2011p. 77). The world s first psychological laboratory was opened by Wilhelm Wundt in 1879 at the University of Leipzig (Schultz Schultz, 2011).When researchers startedRead MoreSchool of Thoughts in Psychology1604 Words   |  7 PagesMajor Schools of Thought in  Psychology When psychology was first established as a science separate from biology and philosophy, the debate over how to describe and explain the human mind and behavior began. The first school of thought, structuralism, was advocated by the founder of the first psychology lab, Wilhelm Wundt. Almost immediately, other theories began to emerge and vie for dominance in psychology. The following are some of the major schools of thought that have influenced our knowledgeRead MoreFoundations of Psychology747 Words   |  3 PagesFoundations of Psychology L R Juneaux 07/24/2013 PSY/300 Psychology is one of the core studies of the human being, which include investigating of behavior and mental processes. Many processes have to happen before one can even think a single thought. A specific stimulus through sensory organs, nerve interactions, and sorting through the brain are just a few processes that occur. Psychology is one of the most complex areas of study. In this paper, I will identify the major schools of thought and examineRead MoreSchool of Thought1108 Words   |  5 PagesPage1 When psychology was first established as a science it separated from biology and philosophy, the debate over how to describe and explain the human mind and behavior began. The first school of thought, structuralism, was advocated by the founder of the first psychology lab, Wilhelm Wundt. Almost immediately, other theories began to emerge and vie for dominance in psychology. The following are some of the major thought that have influenced our knowledge and understanding of psychology: StructuralismRead More Foundations of Psychology Essay813 Words   |  4 PagesWhen psychology first emerged as a science, the process of explaining the human mind and human behavior began. In this essay we will present a brief synopsis of what psychology is and introduce the reader to the primary biological foundations of psychology that are linked to behavior as well as introducing the reader to the major schools of thought in psychology. In Kowalski and Westen Fifth Edition of Psychology, psychology is define as â€Å"the scientific investigation of mental processes such as;Read MoreFoundation of Psychology773 Words   |  4 PagesFoundation of Psychology Psychology is the study of human behavior and mind. According to Psychology: The Study of Mental Processes and Behavior defined psychology as the scientific investigation of mental processes (thinking, remembering, feeling, etc.) and behavior. Psychology alone has more than one basic foundation. Psychology can be as broad as biology and as detailed as philosophy, because it includes humans who are very complex in nature. Psychology involves more than how people act;Read MoreAdolescent Psychology Essay 31067 Words   |  5 PagesQuestion: What Is Psychology? One of the most common questions asked by students new to the study of psychology is What is psychology? Misperceptions created by popular media as well as the diverse careers paths of those holding psychology degrees have contributed this confusion. Psychology is both an applied and academic field that studies the human mind and behavior. Research in psychology seeks to understand and explain thought, emotion, and behavior. Applications of psychology include mentalRead MoreStructuralism And Functionalism Of American Psychology Essay1154 Words   |  5 PagesThis lecture podcast discussing structuralism and functionalism in the development of American psychology must have a road map for how I will chart this brief course through such a brilliant history with characters as large as Lady Liberty. Therefore, I will begin by discussing the historical nature and foundational construct of structuralism, functionalism, the process of change for American psychology to be where it is today, and finish with a summary. I will also make available the paper and referencesRead MoreThe Historical History Of American Psychology Essay1091 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican psychology came by way of Francis Bacon and John Stuart Mill philosophy, Char les Darwin evolutionary biology, Chauncey Wright evolutionary psychology, and Wilhelm Wundt volunteer psychology generally (Green, 2009; Wright, 1873). From these philosophical and biological contributors came two major schools of American psychology, namely structuralism and functionalism (Green, 2009; Caldwell, 1899; biological terms; see Boucher, 2015, pp. 384-385), which emerged as competitors of thought on howRead MoreAbnormal Psychology Essay1646 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract The following paper includes such topics of normal and abnormal psychology. Discussed with these topics are definitions of each as well as the similarities and differences between them both. Included here also is a discussion and explanation of two mental disorders and two mental illnesses all taken from the psychology perspective. As the reader will see, normal and abnormal psychology as well as the mental disorders and illnesses are common issues that could happen to any person or affect

Professor notes about Kant’s Synthesis of Empiricism and Rationalism

Question: Describe about Kants Synthesis of Empiricism and Rationalism? Answer: Introduction The paper reflects on the two methods in order to approach the problems of current philosophy such as rationalism and empiricism. First, the researcher attempted to explain the theories of knowledge in both rationalisms as well as empiricism. Both of these methods contribute to the demystification of understanding through their perceptive philosophies. The thesis statement of this study reveals that how Kants synthesis of rationalism, as well as empiricism, results in criticism. Kants Synthesis of Empiricism and Rationalism Kant desires to keep both empiricism and rationalism, assumed that the senses convey to the intellect the thing that is understood by the sense of the understanding (Kant). Using these two philosophical methods, Kant claims that our observations, which are the demonstration of the sensations, bring to be known the subject, which is plugged into prior types of understandings (Bozzo). Kant said that most interesting and required ranges of human knowledge relied upon "synthetic a priori judgments." It is possible when the mind concludes the conditions of its knowledge. It is seen that the brilliance of Kant is the synthesis argues of empiricist through the claims of the rationalist. It is a synthesis of what is to be claimed is the initial starting place of the knowledge. Rationalism is the theoretical viewpoint of the knowledge, which beliefs the perfectibility of the individual reason. Due to a school of thinking, rationalism disagrees that both the methods claim that the world is seized by the capability of prior cause without the necessitate on the sense experience. Vanzo opined that a person, who holds to rationalism, is very optimistic about the control of reason as well as they have a great regard to their fate based on the assumption that they think clearly as well as distinctly. This system appeared in various period, but this system mainly achieves the highest level during 17th and 18th century. Empiricism follows the Aristotle's dictum such as "There is nothing in the intellect that was not first in the senses." By this argument, it focuses on the truth claims about the reality if it is verified through sense-experience. Bozzo opined that a consistent rationalist ends up in dogmatism as because the use of reason without an antecedent analyze of its capacity. Kant defends against the empiricist as because there is a reduction in all the knowledge to experience (Brittan). As Kant agrees with the concept of rationalist, therefore there is prior cognitions empiricism that ends up in skepticism as because there is an impossibility of universal as well as required judgment. Conclusion It is concluded that the problems of empiricism, as well as rationalism, is resulting from the relevant fundamentals principles that describe the faculties through which the knowledge is gained. Empiricism is defined by the importance of the posterior conclusions as well as awareness gained commencing which it is encountered in knowledge. However, rationalism is the highlighting on the movement of the mind in order to grow knowledge from the sources outside the instant scale of knowledge as well as sense perception. References Bozzo, Alexander. "The Cambridge Companion to Kants Critique of Pure Reason."Kant-Studien106.1 (2015): 136-142. Brittan Jr, Gordon G.Kant's theory of science. Princeton University Press, 2015. Kant, Immanuel. "Critique of Pure Reason, A270/B326A278/B334 (excerpt)."Consciousness in the Physical World: Perspectives on Russellian Monism(2015): 19. Vanzo, Alberto. "Kant on empiricism and rationalism."History of Philosophy Quarterly30.1 (2013): 53-74.